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Myocarditis and pericarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) or sack around the heart (pericardium). This inflammation can reduce the heart’s ability to pump and cause rapid irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Signs and symptoms include chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and rapid or irregular heartbeats. In a small percentage of cases, persons with myocarditis can be at risk for sudden death following strenuous activity. Some sufferers of myocarditis may require heart surgery or a heart transplant in later life.
Cardiomyopathy
is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure.
Thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage
Alterations in the blood’s ability to form clots can lead to the development of clots, or paradoxically, to bleeding. This may include a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood, which can also result in easy bruising. People have experienced strokes and bleeding in the brain, heart attacks, blood clots to the lungs, and lack of oxygen to organs, all of which can cause death. Case reports include thrombosis of the major arteries (carotid, distal aorta, iliac, splenic) and limb ischemia. Thrombosis of the venous system include cerebral venous thrombosis as well as splanchnic, renal, superior ophthalmic, portal, and palmar vein thrombosis.
Vasculitis, include Henoch-schönlein purpura
Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause thrombosis and be life-threatening.
Neurology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
A neurological disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of the peripheral nervous system €“ the network of nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord. GBS can range from a very mild case with brief weakness to nearly devastating paralysis, leaving the person unable to breathe independently. Fortunately, many people recover from even the most severe cases of GBS. After recovery, some people will continue to have some degree of weakness.
Facial nerve palsy
This is an immune attack on the nerves that move the muscles of the upper and lower parts of the face. People will often have weakness on one side of the face.
Acute myelitis, neuromyelitis, inflammatory neuropathy
These conditions are immune or inflammatory attacks on the spinal cord or brain that can cause paralysis.
Encephalopathy
This is general brain dysfunction which can be complicated by seizures. People often seem confused and may have troubles with balance, headaches, or vomiting.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
A disease that effects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The underlying mechanism is the destruction by the immune system of the insulating covers of nervous system cells (which is called myelin). Since immune destruction can happen anywhere in the brain or body, people with MS have a wide range of symptoms including changes in sensation, weakness, balance, vision, or speech. They can also experience thinking or emotional problems.
Seizures
A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements, or feelings, and in levels of consciousness.
Depression
Other syndromes
Other auto-immune disease or reactivation of auto-immune disease
Auto-immune disease is when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of the body. Some people experienced new auto-immune disease whereas others experienced a worsening of a known condition.
Anaphylaxis, allergic reactions, and asthma
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. With anaphylaxis and other allergies, including asthma, the body’s immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance.
Lymphadenopathy and axillary adenopathy
This is a swelling of the lymph nodes of unclear significance.
Cutaneous (skin) effects
Many different allergic, immune reactions, and infections can manifest on the skin as rashes.
Eye disorders
Immune disorders and problems with blood vessels, blood clotting (and bleeding) can manifest as eye problems.
Rhabdomyolysis
This is syndrome due to direct or indirect muscle injury. It results from death of muscle cells and the release of their contents into the blood stream. This can lead to serious complications such as renal (kidney) failure. In rare cases, rhabdomyolysis can even cause death.
Kidney injury
Kidney injury can be from an immune attack or from chemicals (drugs) that injure kidney cells.
Myofunctional
These are disorders of muscles that result in weakness or reduced function.
Infections
Other rare disorders
Population studies
Cancer progression
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